-
1 high metal oxidation states
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > high metal oxidation states
-
2 iron and manganese porphyrin complexes with high metal oxidation states of +3 and above
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > iron and manganese porphyrin complexes with high metal oxidation states of +3 and above
-
3 порфириновые комплексы железа и марганца с высокими состояниями окисления металла +3 и выше
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > порфириновые комплексы железа и марганца с высокими состояниями окисления металла +3 и выше
-
4 состояния высокой степени окисления металла
Makarov: high metal oxidation statesУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > состояния высокой степени окисления металла
-
5 Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 January 1920 Calcutta, India[br]English inventor of the float-glass process.[br]Pilkington was educated at Sherborne School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in mechanical science. He spent one year at Cambridge followed by war service, which lasted until 1945. He returned to complete his degree and then joined Pilkington, the well-known glass manufacturer at St Helens' Lancashire, in 1947. Sir Alastair is not, however, related to the Pilkington family of glassmakers.The forming of perfectly flat glass that retained its fire finish had eluded glassmakers for centuries. Until the 1950s the only way of making really flat glass was to form plate glass by continuous casting between steel rollers. This destroyed the fire finish, which had to be restored by expensive grinding and polishing. The process entailed the loss of 20 per cent of good glass. The idea of floating glass on molten metal occurred to Sir Alastair in October 1952, and thereafter he remained in charge of development until commercial success had been achieved. The idea of floating molten glass on molten tin had been patented in the United States as early as 1902, but had never been pursued. The Pilkington process in essence was to float a ribbon of molten glass on a bath of molten tin in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the tin. It was patented in Britain in 1957 and in the USA two years later. The first production glass issued from the plant in May 1957, although the first good glass did not appear until July 1958. The process was publicly announced the following year and was quickly taken up by the industry. It is now the universal method for manufacturing high quality flat glass.Having seen through the greatest single advance in glassmaking and one of the most important technological developments this century, Sir Alastair became Chairman of Pilkingtons until 1980 and President thereafter.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1970. FRS 1969. Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1991.Bibliography1969, "Float glass process—the review lecture", Royal Society (13 February). 1975, "Floating windows", Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. 48.1976, "Float glass—evolution and revolution over 60 years", Glass Technology, Vol. 17, no. 5.1963, "The development of float glass", Glass Industry, (February).Further ReadingJ.Jewkes et al., 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
См. также в других словарях:
Metal-organic framework — Metal Organic Frameworks are crystalline compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to often rigid organic molecules to form one , two , or three dimensional structures that can be porous. In some cases, the pores are stable to… … Wikipedia
oxidation–reduction reaction — ▪ chemical reaction Introduction also called redox reaction any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating chemical species changes. The term covers a large and diverse body of processes. Many oxidation– reduction… … Universalium
Metal–ligand multiple bond — In Chemistry, a metal–ligand multiple bond describes the interaction of certain ligands with a metal with a bond order greater than one.[1] Coordination complexes featuring multiply bonded ligands are of both scholarly and practical interest.… … Wikipedia
Metal ions in aqueous solution — A metal ion in aqueous solution is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H2O)n]z+. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for elements in rows 3 and 4 of the periodic… … Wikipedia
Metal ligand multiple bond — In Chemistry, ametal ligand multiple bond describes the interaction of certain ligands with a metal with a bond order greater than one. [ Metal Ligand Multiple Bonds: The Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Oxo, Nitrido, Imido,… … Wikipedia
Oxidation state — Not to be confused with Oxidation number. In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds… … Wikipedia
Metal oxide adhesion — The strength of metal oxide adhesion effectively determines the wetting of the metal oxide interface. The strength of this adhesion is important, for instance, in production of light bulbs and fiber matrix composites that depend on the… … Wikipedia
Metal carbonyl — Iron pentacarbonyl An iron atom with five CO ligands Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands. These complexes may be homoleptic, that is containing only CO ligands, such as nickel carbonyl… … Wikipedia
Metal L-edge — Figure 1: L3 and L2 edges of [CuCl4]2 … Wikipedia
Transition metal — The term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: The IUPAC definition[1] states that a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d sub shell, or which can give rise to cations… … Wikipedia
Transition metal carbene complex — A transition metal carbene complex is a organometallic compound featuring a divalent organic ligand. The divalent organic ligand coordinated to the metal center is called a carbene. Carbene complexes for almost all transition metals have been… … Wikipedia